Over the past decades, there have been several amendments to the US and Canadäs immigration and refugee policies, as well as major developments across the disciplines of international migration and refugee law. This study tackles the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) between the US and Canada, which effectively entered into force in the year 2004. The study examines the trajectory of this agreement, the debates and arguments that surrounded it during its early stages, as well as how these debates have evolved alongside developing forced migration realities since the STCA¿s implementation. It looks into whether or not these developments challenge the STCA, render it ineffective, and