European Union (EU) in the 1990s through the Treaties of Maastricht (1992) and Amsterdam (1997), and later Nice (2001), which successively revised the founding Treaties of Rome (1957), was largely a response 3 to the challenge of globalisation. Integration ¿rejuvenated¿ the nation state, thus creating the hybrid of the Euro- 4 pean welfare state, a mix of state-imposed stability and private initiative. Like its 1 Sforza, C. (1936). Europe and the Europeans: Community: Report A study in historical psych- ogy and international politics. London: George G. Harrap and Company. 2 Milward, A. S. (1984). The reconstruction of Western Europe 1945¿1951. London: Routledge. Hogan, M. J. (1987). The Marshall plan: America, Britain, and the reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947¿1954. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3 Dyson, K. , & Featherstone, K. (1999).