On May 11, 1942, German military police and local auxiliaries entered Voronova, gathering all Jewish residents in the Market Square. SS Commandant Vindish pronounced the Reichstag's verdict of 1938: all Jews were responsible for the troubles of the German people and of all humanity, and were condemned to death, and now was the time to carry out that verdict. Some 2,300 were massacred that day: while they breathed their last air they were piled into layers, and between layers their executioners spilled chlorine and whitewash for disinfection. Among those brutally buried some were only wounded, covered by the bodies of the next layer, choking underneath them.