the reclamation and recycling of indestructible, noncorrosive materials, so that they may be recovered and reused many times over. The mainly physical, relatively uncomplicated, beneficiation treatments also save large quantities of energy, as these comparatively simple operations are all relatively low energy consumers, when compared with the later separation operations of pyro and electrical nature, which are very high energy consumers. Environmentally, both air and water pollution from beneficiation treatments are either quite low or can easily be controlled, and are gas-free and operated at ambient temperature, to make them one of the cleaner and lower polluting processes used in material treatments.