This book offers insight into the motives behind Moscow¿s behaviour in the Persian Gulf (with a specific focus on the GCC member states and Iran), considering Russiäs growing role in the Middle East and its desire to protect national interests using a wide range of means. The book explores the drivers and motivations of the Russian foreign policy in the Gulf region, thus, helping the audience to generate informed prognosis about Moscow¿s moves in this area over the next years. In contrast to most studies of Russiäs presence in the region, this book considers the Russian involvement in the Gulf from two standpoints ¿ the Russian