I. In some periods of the past Netherlands medicine has played a major role in the evolution of European medicine; today its history still enjoys much in­ terest even at the other side of the Ocean. In this bibliography it has been my endeavour to compile references for all that has been written on the history of Dutch medicine in our country and elsewhere in our age. The main concern of this work is with the medicine of the Northern Nether­ lands. However, before the end of the sixteenth century the Northern and South­ ern Netherlands were not yet divided into two separate countries; they were