This book explores the dynamics of Chinäs new united front work in Hong Kong. Mainland Chinese penetrative politics can be seen in the activities of local pro-Beijing political parties, clans and neighborhood associations, labor unions, women and media organizations, district federations, and some religious groups. However, united front work in the educational and youth sectors of civil society has encountered strong resistance because many Hong Kong people are post-materialistic and uphold their core values of human rights, the rule of law and transparency. Chinäs new united front work in Hong Kong has been influenced by its domestic turn toward ¿hard¿ authoritarianism, making Beijing see Hong Kong¿s