When dealing, as in this study, with gramophone records, we almost unconsciously think of music. For the number of gramophone records in which music, either vocal or instrumental, does not playa part is quite small. Hence we shall concern our­ selves principally with musical records. 1. Music may be said to be as old as humanity itself: from the very beginning of history man has given expression to his emo­ tions by means of sounds. In one of the first chapters of the Bible harps and organs are mentioned 1) and further on in the Book of Books we find musical instruments mentioned repeatedly. Let us