The book series Études de linguistique française (ELF), published under the auspices of Institut de Linguistique Française (ILF), presents high-quality research contributions on the French language in both a diachronic and a synchronic perspective. The series aims to cover different fields of current linguistic research, focusing on written as well as on spoken French. Series Editor ELF Franck Neveu, Professor at the University of Paris-Sorbonne, Director of the Institut de Linguistique Française, CNRS, France Academic Advisory Board ELF Silvia Adler, Professor at the University of Bar-Ilan, Israel; Gabriel Bergounioux, Professor at the University of Orléans, France; Eva Havu, Professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland; Frédéric