gender differences, pregnancy and the pediatric and masters endurance athlete. Section two focuses on the management of common musculoskeletal conditions, such as stress fractures, overuse injuries of the soft tissue, shoulder and hip injuries, and exercise and osteoarthritis; this section now includes discussion of the use of cutting-edge orthobiologics. The last section presents performance optimization and event coverage, including gait and swim-stroke analysis, bike fitting, resistance training, mental preparation, optimizing nutrition, and how to organize medical coverage for events, as well as decision-making for return to play. Completely updated and including brand new chapters, Endurance Sports Medicine, Second Edition remains a valuable guide for sports medicine physicians, orthopedists, athletic trainers, physical therapists, coaches, officials, and athletes in understanding the needs of the determined individuals who participate in endurance sports.