in modern economic thought. The remaining content is divided into two parts, the first of which focuses on the utilization of expectations in the ¿ancient¿ and ¿mesö periods of high theory, i.e., from Smithian to Keynesian approaches. The papers cover topics such as ¿modern¿ applications of expectations in both ¿Tobinesque-Phillips¿ and ¿Harrodian-Solowian¿ contexts, and the debate between Friedmanite and Keynesian approaches to expectation formation. In turn, the last part presents essays on the role of economic expectations in connection with historical events and contexts, ranging from the early 20th century to World War II, and on the application of expectations theory to hyperinflation and stabilization, taking Israel as a case study.