The Academy of International Business (UK and Ireland Chapter) Published in association with the UK and Ireland Chapter of the Academy of International Business. This book provides theoretical and empirical insights into non- market political and social strategies that firms use when conducting international business. Political strategies include activities such as lobbying, campaign contributions, and using political ties and connections as a means of influencing policy making. Likewise, firms also engage in various social responsibility activities to maintain a good image in society and to improve their legitimacy and reputation when operating globally. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) face various challenges in implementing non-market strategies due to institutional