a manner that will provide the knowledge for assuring success in automating. In addition, it highlights the man­ ufacturing research and long-range planning that will be required for creating the new manufacturing technology so necessary for assuring success in future automation efforts. One of the important facts emphasized in this text is that automation is not merely robotics ar another kind or type of machinery. To effect true productivity improvement requires a fresh look at the entire pro­ duction process or facility-as a completely integrated system. With the developments of the past few years, rapid advances in the technology and the "tools of automation" have brought this imperative goal within the reasonable grasp of manufacturing management in almost every segment of industry. However, to utilize this progress, it is necessary to acquire a working understanding of all facets of automation.