This monograph presents a novel investigation of the magistri militum, the highest-ranking officers within the late Roman army. It posits that between 340 and 395 CE, specific magistri seized opportune moments, notably during the political voids following emperors' deaths, to reshape the character of their office and expand its pivotal role in the military-political sphere. This transformation played a decisive role in the eventual dissolution of the Western Roman Empire. Furthermore, the study employs the prosopographical method to reevaluate previous scholarship regarding the proportion of barbarian and Roman generals. Notably, the research posits that the balance between Roman and non-Roman officers was far more equitably distributed