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Cookie akzeptierenKlaus von Gadow / Juan Gabriel Álvarez González / Chunyu Zhang / Timo Pukkala / Zhao Xiuhai
Sustaining Forest Ecosystems
- Springer-Verlag GmbH
- 2021
- Gebunden
- ISBN 9783030587130
Forest ecosystems include a great variety of communities of organisms interacting with their physical environment: multi-aged natural forests, even- aged monocultures, and secondary forests invaded by foreign species. The challenge is to sustain their ability to function, by adapting to changing climates and satisfying a multitude of human demands. Our first chapter sets the scene with a discussion about the effects of forest management on ecosystem services. Details about forest observational infrastructures are introduced in the second chapter. The third chapter presents methods of analysing forest density and structure. Models for estimating the shape and growth of individual forest trees are introduced in chapter 4, models
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