range included aspects of packaging, hazardous waste, the utilisation of waste in agri­ culture, energy from waste, and waste paper. ~aper was to play a particularly serious role, because pulp and paper is the largest external commodity need by the EEC countries after oil. Speakers were to be drawn from all parts of the EEC, in the expectation that country-to-country comparisons would stimulate progress in specific areas. This hope was frequently realised. Well represented was the Environment and Consumer Protection Department of the Commission itself. It is this department that has been quietly setting the beginnings of a coherent policy for waste management for throughout the 250 million population Community for the past seven years.