symptoms but never understanding the cause ¿ like picking the flower heads off weeds but not digging them out at the roots. Schaveling and Bryan offer the insights and tools managers and leaders need to achieve a longer term and more effective approach by stepping back and analysing the system as a whole. And at the heart of any system are human beings ¿ notoriously short-term and pain- averse creatures who will behave in whatever way minimises pain today even at the expense of pain tomorrow. They show how to detect the behavior patterns that have become engrained in the organisation and which underlie complex situations so that root causes of problems can be identified. Once the system responsible for the problem is understood smarter decisions can be made to devise interventions that solve the core problem instead of wasting energy fighting the symptoms.