to do so. A variety of models of interaction between the academy and industry have been developed depending on the circumstances of the institution, its mission, its values, its expertise, and its relationship to the local and cultural environment in which it is situated. These models are reviewed and evaluated. The process of initial idea through to design and successful implementation is a pipeline. If this process requires the involvement of technology (as is more often the case ¿ as creative applications are increasingly dependent on technology) then there is need to understand how this can efficiently and optimally be done. A number of factors tend to be generic and permeate many application areas (such as bandwidth requirements, use of colour, interaction methods) whilst others are more customized with specialist hardware and software (e.g. shared virtual environments, augmented reality).