This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications, LATA 2016, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in March 2016. The 42 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 119 submissions. The papers cover the following topics: algebraic language theory; algorithms for semi-structured data mining, algorithms on automata and words; automata and logic; automata for system analysis and program verification; automata networks, concurrency and Petri nets; automatic structures; cellular automata, codes, combinatorics on words; computational complexity; data and image compression; descriptional complexity; digital libraries and document engineering; foundations of finite