This book looks at witnesses to suffering and death in ancient Greek epic (Homer¿s Iliad) and tragedy. Internal spectators abound in both genres, and have received due scholarly attention. The present monograph covers new ground by dealing with a specific subset of characters: those who are put in the position of spectator to (and, often, commentator on) their own deed(s). By their very nature, protagonists are confined to the role of witness to the suffering (or deaths) they have caused only for brief stretches of time ¿ often a single scene or even just the length of a speech ¿ but every instance is of central