This book analyses the effectiveness of policies adopted in cluster promotion, using complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography approaches. It studies cluster dynamics in transition economies, exploring the case of Albania. In developing countries, the ¿model¿ of the developed countries, is often seen as the endpoint of a trajectory that must be followed meticulously, implying a view on modernization as a linear and uniform process. They tend to import policies from these ¿success models¿ showing minimal regard to their context and institutional capabilities; therefore, more often than not, such policies show little effectiveness. This research on cluster policies in Albania confirms this. It suggests that in