Antonio Gramsci lived the Great War as a ¿historic break,¿ a profound experience that left an indelible mark on the development of his political thought. Translated into English for the first time, Alternative Modernities reconstructs and analyses this critical period of Gramsci¿s intellectual formation through a systematic analysis of his writings from 1915 to 1935. For Gramsci, Soviet Communism, ¿Americanism,¿ and the ¿new¿ Fascist State were the principle responses to the crisis of the old world order. He portrayed them as the three protagonists of twentieth-century modernity, alternatives destined to tragically clash in the worldwide struggle for hegemony. Among the arguments in his Prison Notebooks, Gramsci