The future of surgery is intrinsically linked to the future of computational sciences: the medical act will be computer assisted at every single step, from planning to post-surgery recovery and through the surgical procedure itself. Looking back at the history of surgery, surgery practice has changed drama- cally with the extensive use of revolutionary techniques, such as medical imaging, laparoscopy, endoscopy, sensors and actuators, and robots. This trend is dependent on the use of computer processing, computational method, and virtualization. Computational surgery will not only improve the ef?ciency and quality of surgery, but will also give new access to very complex operations that require extreme precision