The Second International Cell Culture Congress was structured as was the First Congress to bring together scientists from academia and industry to discuss the use of cell culture in support of bioscience. It was felt that a forum whereby state-of­ the-art presentations were followed by informal workshops would provide opportunity for the greatest exchange of information. Within the atmosphere of the workshop, problems common to basic as well as applied research were discussed and directions for the future were brought to light. These proceedings reflect and epitomize those discussions. Although it is difficult to cover all scientific disciplines utilizing cells in culture, we feel key areas