This "Monograph" addresses three questions: 1) How can we best describe childhood personality? 2) How is personality related to the child's successes and failures? 3) What sort of factors are related to personality development? Uses a longitudinal analyses of thousands of children from across the United States to define the three personality types that best describe personality: resilient, over-controlled, and under-controlled. Studies the relationship between personality type and children's successes and failures Explores how the stresses characteristic of poverty affect children's personality development